HDRI – Artillery Yard (Late Summer; Midday) 1-16K + Backplates

This HDRI depicts an exterior 360 degree panorama view from the Artillery Yard in the city of Stockholm, captured by midday in the late summer. The environment contains only natural light, predominantly from the bright, high (with Swedish measures) sun.

This HDRI provides high-contrast lighting for any 3D scene, characterized by the bright sunlight, giving short shadows of significant contrast.

The HDRI is horizontally levelled, with the primary light source (the high sun) horizontally centered. The included information about the sun's actual bearing and angle during the time of capture makes it easy to recreate the same sunlight inclination in the 3D program of your choice.

The HDRI is unclipped, meaning that the captured dynamic range (22 EVs) completely encompasses the light intensities of the environment, for a realistic lighting of your scene.

The HDRI is delivered in 5 different resolutions (all power of 2), namely 1024x512 (1K), 2048x1024 (2K), 4096x2048 (4K), 8192x4096 (8K), and 16384x8192 (16K). While we recommend to use the highest possible resolution for the final render – to maximize the fidelity of reflections in glossy surfaces – a lower resolution version may be used before the final render, to optimize render times during iterative test renders.

The HDRI has been captured with a white balance of 5400 K, and since this is already accounted for, it should be used in the 3D program of your choice in neutral white 6500 K (RGB 255/255/255), so as not to render it cooler or warmer than captured, unless intentionally so.

There are two paradigms when it comes to setting the exposure during production of HDRIs. One is to manipulate it through normalization, so as to make the light intensity appear balanced out of the box, no matter whether captured in near total darkness or blinding sunlight. This is the usual business in HDRI making, and has the advantage of emitting a fair amount of light directly upon implementation, without needing special care with regards to camera exposure settings. The disadvantage of this is that such a normalization renders the captured light no longer of photometrically correct intensity – if you change between two normalized HDRIs in the same scene, even if one is supposed to depict a midday environment and the other a twilight environment, the two might appear to light the scene with comparable intensity (although contrast and colour temperature have changed), which intuitively is incorrect.

That is why all of aifosDesign's HDRIs are produced based on the other paradigm, where the exposure is not normalized with regards to display but absolute, fixed to the absolute reference point of EV 9 (default EV for Blender, 3DS Max, etc.), and the intensity of the light emitted from the HDRI are precisely as has been captured from the actual light conditions of the environment. This has the advantage that when used with a 3D scene with other light sources, defined with realistic intensity measures (candela, lux, etc.), the whole scene retains its basis on realistic light measures, since the HDRI environment's exposure is not normalized "to look better out of the box". Additionally, it means that when changing HDRIs of this paradigm, you can always expect an HDRI capture of a darker environment to produce a darker light environment for your scene, and vice versa. The disadvantage of this paradigm, which ought to be manageable for most digital artists, is that you will need to adjust the exposure settings for the camera used in the program of your choice, to achieve pleasing levels of light exposure, just as you would do with a real camera.

All aifosDesign's HDRIs are well tested, and each has a recommended EV value for "" (included further down in this product information as well as in the file), as well as the so called that may be used to achieve a balanced exposure of the HDRI's actual light intensity.

The HDRI is supplied in the optimal format Radiance HDR, which does not clip extremely bright light sources (such as the sun) – like OpenEXR 16-bit half float does – nor amasses the bloated file size of OpenEXR 32-bit single-precision float. We are aware that a handful of programs (e.g. Substance Painter) handles OpenEXR files better than Radiance HDR files, and if your workflow requires it, we are happy to provide any purchaser of the HDRI an OpenEXR equivalent of any desired resolution available – simply generate an invoice from the e-mail delivered to you upon purchase, and attach the invoice to your request, directed towards us via info[at]aifosdesign.se.

This HDRI does include additional two-dimensional backplates to use as background images for your renders. As such, it is not only suited for realistically lighting your scene, endowing your creation with convincing highlights and shadows, and providing crisp reflections for glossy surfaces, but its included backplates also make it possible to choose with ease any of several backgrounds, all captured with the same lighting conditions as the HDRI, to anchor your scene in any backplate you choose. Of course the HDRI environment itself may be used as the background for your camera view, and might be wonderful as such, depending on your scene.

Tutorial for use in Blender.

• Title: HDRI – Artillery Yard (Late Summer; Midday)
• Filename prefix: HDRI_ArtilleryYard_LateSummer_Midday
• Keywords: exterior, urban, midday, late summer, clear, natural light, high contrast, courtyard, Stockholm, backplates

• Primary light source: Sun
• Sun bearing and angle: 183.5 degrees clockwise from North, 40.7 degrees above the horizon
• Time of capture: August 27 2019 12:58 (GMT+2)
• Location: 59°20'03.2"N 18°04'47.3"E

• Photometrically correct exposure value: EV 9
• Photographically balanced exposure: EV 11.65
• Compensation value for balanced exposure: -2.65
• Dynamic range: 22 EVs

• Unclipped: Yes
• White balance (when set to neutral [6500 K]): 5400 K

• File format: Radiance HDR (.hdr)
• Projection: Equirectangular projection for spherical panorama (360x180 degrees)
• Resolutions: 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K
• File sizes: 1.48 MB, 5.81 MB, 23.3 MB, 92.1 MB, 349 MB
• Backplates included: Yes; 6 pcs with 16 mm focal length, 16 pcs with 35 mm focal length – all with a resolution of 6016x4016 (see link below)
• Link to backplates: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ok_23aobsTBL9ieZJ8bt7jf_lqiscdGc

• Author: Sanning Arkitekter
• Copyright: Copyright 2020 © Aifoskela AB
• User licence: Royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual licence for commercial and non-commercial use
• Date of publishing: January 12 2020